Overview
Seven years after the U.S. military occupation of Iraq, the country continues to face large scale displacement and pressing humanitarian needs.  Millions of Iraqis have fled their homes – either for safer locations within Iraq or to other countries in the region – and are living in increasingly desperate circumstances.  Iraq’s future will only be secure and prosperous if the needs of the displaced are also considered in all current and future policies and planning.

Current Humanitarian Situation
Refugees International has observed extreme vulnerabilities among the hundreds of thousands of Iraqi refugees living in Syria, Jordan, and other parts of the region, as well as the millions of internally displaced persons within Iraq. Most refugees have not been granted legal status and thus live in limbo, often without access to basic services and work opportunities. Many persons displaced within the country have no access to assistance, basic levels of protection, or any hope of return to their original homes.

While the Government of Iraq is well situated to generate significant revenue from its oil reserves, it will take years if not decades before these resources reach the most vulnerable.  Currently the Government of Iraq lacks both the capacity and the political will to use its resources to address humanitarian needs.  At the same time the continued lack of security makes it nearly impossible for UN international staff to access the populations in most need of assistance. Local NGOs often have the best connections and access but are often not directly funded by international donors.

Though there have been some returns of both internally displaced and refugees, the majority have not been able to access their original homes and properties. Their properties have been occupied or destroyed. Ongoing violence, especially in the central provinces, coupled with a lack of jobs, basic social services, and opportunities, makes voluntary return impossible for most.  While Refugees International hopes that Iraqis will be able to return to their homes in the future, the necessary conditions for returns to take place in safety and dignity still do not exist.  Local integration of IDPs may be a solution for some and should be actively considered by the Government of Iraq.

Actions Needed
U.S. policy must:

1. Continue to generously fund the UN assistance appeal.
2. Continue resettlement for refugees who cannot go home.
3. Pressure Iraq to meet its responsibilities to its own people.
4. Work closely with the UN to ensure greater UN access inside Iraq.